Two factors to form the basis of all good technical singing are sostenuto and coloratura, literally meaning "sustained" and "coloring" in English.

Richard told us an interesting story that he has experienced. In a vocal lesson, a nineteen-year-old baritone sings the Già il sole dal Gange exhibiting extreme nasality. His teacher tried different suggestions, "singing forward", "masque", "concentrate on forehead", "calvaria and chimney on the top", "funnel", "sing it to yourself", "give it more support", which however turns out to the same result - the student exhibits the same degree of nasality as previously.

In this chapter, the author talks about the "covering (遮盖)" which is another important and widely used term in most vocal pedagogies while the word itself is confusing and misleading. I used to confuse the "cover" and the "mask" because a "mask" might always "cover" the face. However, the expression "vowel modification" in English or "元音修正" in Chinese might be the preferable translation of copertura, the italian origin of "covering (遮盖)".

It has been a while since I set up this blog and I haven't contributed any meaningful articles yet. Recently, I found a fascinating book, On the Art of Singing, written by Dr. Richard Miller who has also composed another famous book The Structure of Singing. The book is structured as a collection of different topics and deserved to read. So I decided to read one chapter and write the reading summary every few days. Hope this could be a good start of my blog.

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